Types of Events : Injury Accident, Damage only accident, Near miss, Dangerous occurrences, Ill-health incident etc

Injury accident – an unplanned, unwanted event which leads to personal injury of some sort.

For Example :

Blood Loss,
Amputation,
Lacerations,
Sprains ,
strains,
bruising,
cuts,
Back and Spinal cord Trauma etc.

Damage only accidents: an unplanned, unwanted event that leads to damage to equipment or property.

Near-miss – an unplanned, unwanted event that had the potential to lead to injury, damage, or loss but did not do so.

Various organizations record the near miss in different category like Potential near-miss or significant near-miss or High Potential(HIPO) Near-miss.

It is generally called or known as Narrow escape / Near –hit / Just miss / close call to collide etc.

OSHA defines a near miss as an incident in which no property was damaged and no personal injury was sustained, but where, given a slight shift in time or position, damage or injury easily could have occurred.

Examples of Near-Miss:

A worker slips on condensation that had dripped onto the floor but doesn’t fall (this time).
A worker trips over an unmarked step and falls without injury.
A worker’s clothing gets caught in machinery; but not teared before an injury is sustained.
A 5-gallon bucket of paint falls from heights, landing close to a worker (without injury or property damage)
Poorly maintained scaffolding begins to lean when workers ascend.
Two moving vehicles nearly collide at an intersection with low visibility.
You nearly come into contact with a harmful substance that had been temporarily stored in the wrong container.
A worker attempts to manually clear a jam from a dangerous piece of equipment without cutting power to the machine.
A crane operator has a near hit with a worker.
Poor lighting resulting in an employee tripping, and almost falling over an undetected extension cord
A leaky air conditioner drips onto a walkway resulting in an employee slipping and nearly falling
A missing or worn step marker resulting in an employee tripping over a step In the absence of a ladder, an employee uses a stool as a substitute and looses balance, nearly falling
An employee is operating a forklift and unstable shelving results in inventory crashing down around them
Smoking areas are not clearly designated, so a worker attempts to light a cigarette close to flammable chemicals
A worker slips and falls while trying to climb into the cab of a bulldozer
A worker is able to jump out of the way before being pinned between two large onsite vehicles
Faulty scaffolding makes it dangerous for workers to walk across a roof
A worker stumbles over misplaced roofing tools and is not wearing any safety equipment

Dangerous occurrence – a specified event that, causing loss or damage but not necessarily personal injury, may have to be reported to the relevant authority by national or local law (Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR).

(Refer: RIDDOR 2013 , www.hse.gov.uk)
In total, there are 27 dangerous occurrences (Schedule2) that will apply to most workplaces. Some of the most common ones include:
For example:
the failure of the load-bearing parts of a crane is a dangerous occurrence. No person has to be injured by the failure, the failure itself is reportable.
A gas leak in a chemical plant.
plant or equipment coming into contact with overhead power lines
Electrical short circuit or overload that causes a fire or explosion
An explosion or fire that causes normal work to halt for more than 24 hours

Ill-health incident – an unplanned, unwanted event that leads to ill-health.

Examples of Occupational diseases